It is amazing how many countries, cities and nationalities are involved in chess openings. Let's have some fun and compile a full list!
I will be adding the replies from the comments to the post until we have all of them.

To warm-up, here are some obvious ones:
1. The French Defense: 1.e4 e6
2. The Sicilian: 1.e4 c5
3. They Ruy Lopez (aka Spanish opening): 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5

More? Please rely on your memory only, no googling!

4. Dutch Defense (Bob Clowar): 1.d4 f5
5. Scotch Game (Ciaran Ruane): 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4
6. Italian Game (Ciaran Ruane): 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4
7.Scandinavian Defense (Ciaran Ruane): 1.e4 d5
8.Catalan Opening (Ciaran Ruane): 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.g3 d5 4.Bg2
9. Indian defenses (Ciaran Ruane)
10. Petroff's Defense (aka Russian Opening, karpidis): 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6
11. English opening (karpidis): 1.c4
12. Vienna Game (Felipe Pait): 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3
13. Austrian attack (Ganesh): 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 g6 4.f4
14. Berlin Defense (Ganesh): 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6
15. Budapest gambit (Jerry Weldin): 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5
16. Moscow variation of the Sicilian Defense (Jerry Weldin): 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bb5
17. Meran variation (Øyvind Pedersen): 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nf3 e6 5.e3 Nbd7 6.Bd3 dxc4 7.Bxc4
18. London system (Øyvind Pedersen) : 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Bf4


Not bad, but I know a few more!


 

	1. Written by This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it on 21:24 26 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Dutch Defense

	2. Written by This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it on 21:40 26 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Scotch, Italian, Scandinavian, Catalan.

	3. Written by This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it on 21:52 26 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Lots of Indians too of course!

	4. Written by This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it on 22:41 26 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	The Russian, English opening, http://chessarbiters.com

	5. Written by turu on 22:58 26 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Petrov Defence is called Russian Opening in Estonia.

	6. Written by This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it on 23:02 26 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Vienna Gambit Vienna Gambit, http://fmpait.blogspot.com

	7. Written by Kishore on 03:17 27 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Vienna Gambit French defence  king's indian, queen's indian  sicilian opening  catalan opening

	8. Written by Phisey on 04:43 27 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Vienna Gambit Lots of Indians too of course!

	9. Written by This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it on 06:21 27 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Vienna Gambit Austrian Attack in Pirc  St.Petersburg (1..a6)  Spanish Berlin

	10. Written by This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it on 07:31 27 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã.
	Vienna Gambit The Budapest  1.d4 Nf6, 2.c4 e5